Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), also known as the wax mushroom, has held a special place in Eastern medicine for thousands of years. In ancient China and Japan, it was referred to as the “mushroom of immortality,” as it was believed that its regular consumption contributed to increasing lifespan, maintaining health, and achieving mental balance. This belief is not just part of folk tradition, as in recent decades, modern medicine has also made Reishi the subject of intensive research, as its active ingredients have scientifically proven health benefits.
One of the most interesting properties of the Reishi mushroom is its rich chemical composition. Its cap has a shiny, varnished surface, hence the Latin name “lucidum”, its texture is woody, and its taste is strongly bitter. Behind this appearance are several hundred identified bioactive molecules, the most important of which are polysaccharides, mainly beta-glucans, and triterpenoid compounds, such as ganoderic acids. These components exert numerous biological effects: they can contribute to the modulation of the immune system, and they have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and antitumor properties. In addition, the bioactive substances of Reishi are also known for their blood pressure-lowering, blood sugar-stabilizing and cholesterol-normalizing effects, which is particularly important in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Recent research has provided increasing evidence for the therapeutic potential of Reishi mushroom. Japanese clinical trials have shown that consumption of Reishi extract reduces high blood pressure, improves symptoms of coronary heart disease, lowers LDL cholesterol levels and increases HDL cholesterol, thus having an anti-atherosclerosis effect. The same active ingredients also have a positive effect on glucose metabolism, reducing blood sugar levels and improving insulin sensitivity, which may also play a role in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Clinical trials have confirmed that regular consumption of Reishi extract reduces hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), an important indicator of long-term blood sugar levels.
Reishi mushroom also has unique antioxidant properties. Its polysaccharides and triterpenoids are able to neutralize free radicals, thereby protecting cells from oxidative stress, which plays a role in the development of many chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. According to some research, Reishi can promote the regeneration of nerve cells, support cognitive functions, and improve memory and concentration. These effects make the mushroom particularly important for maintaining brain health.
The effect of Reishi mushroom on the immune system is also noteworthy. Due to its immunomodulatory properties, it not only strengthens the body's defenses against infections, but its antitumor effects are also partly achieved through this mechanism. Polysaccharides and triterpenoids can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells, promote the apoptosis process and reduce the metastatic spread of tumors. In addition, several studies have shown that Reishi extract supports the general condition of cancer patients and improves their quality of life.
The beneficial effects of the mushroom on the liver and stomach cannot be neglected either. Animal and human studies have confirmed that Reishi supports the detoxification processes of the liver, protects liver cells from oxidative damage and helps them regenerate. Its anti-inflammatory properties relieve the symptoms of hepatitis, and promote the healing of stomach ulcers and restore the normal state of the gastric mucosa. In addition, the mushroom extract has been shown to be effective in combating chronic fatigue, increasing energy levels, and supporting easier sleep.
The radioprotective effects of Reishi deserve special mention. Ex vivo studies have shown that an aqueous extract of the mushroom reduces gamma-ray-induced DNA damage in human blood cells and promotes DNA repair. Similar results have been reported in animal studies, in which polysaccharides and triterpenoids reduced the extent of radiation-induced tissue damage. Although these results are promising, precise doses and data on human use require further research.
Its potential anti-cancer effects have also been widely documented. The polysaccharide fractions of Reishi mushroom, including α/β-glucans, glycoproteins and peptidoglycans, exert their anti-cancer effects through several mechanisms. These include inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis, reduction of inflammatory processes and enhancement of the immune response. Antioxidant properties also contribute to the mushroom's ability to protect cells against harmful oxidative processes.
Overall, Reishi mushroom is one of the most extensively studied medicinal mushrooms, with bioactive components that have been shown to have a wide range of health benefits. From immune support to cardiovascular protection, from antioxidant and antitumor effects to neuroprotective and hepatoprotective properties, it may help maintain health through a variety of mechanisms. While the research is promising, it is important to emphasize that it is advisable to consult a professional before using Reishi mushroom as a dietary supplement, especially in cases of chronic illness or in conjunction with medication. Future studies may provide additional evidence that confirms and refines the health effects of Reishi mushroom.
